![]() ![]() Such materials rely on the mechanical force produced by the rapid expansion that occurs at the phase transition temperature. Phase change materials offer an attractive alternative to conventional electromechanical actuators. Recent demonstrations of actuation based on combustion 25 are ideal for impact delivery, but are less suitable for controllable kinematics. However, the high voltages required to trigger electroactive polymers ( > 1KV) and low strain ( < 10%) of shape memory alloys, as well as the need for external compressors and pressure-regulating components for hydraulic 16, 18, 21, 24 or pneumatic 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23 fluidic elastomer actuators, limit their miniaturization 2, 4, 16 and practicality for untethered applications. Today, soft actuation techniques are based on either electroactive polymers 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, shape memory alloys and shape memory polymers 13, 14, 15, or compressed air and pressurized fluids actuators 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24. Such actuators would be easy to produce and to mold, cut, and 3D print into a desired shape, yet would produce large macroscopic actuation at relatively low voltage and current. One of the long standing challenges has been the lack of easily processed robust soft actuators with high strain density 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Inspired by biology, researchers aim to develop soft-bodied programmable motion in order to combine natural compliance with controllable actuation. Along with its extremely low cost (about 3 cent per gram), simplicity of fabrication and environment-friendliness, these properties could enable new kinds of electrically driven entirely soft robots. The material combines a high strain (up to 900%) and correspondingly high stress (up to 1.3 MPa) with low density (0.84 g cm −3). Here we show a single self-contained soft robust composite material that combines the elastic properties of a polymeric matrix and the extreme volume change accompanying liquid–vapor transition. Various characteristics of existing technologies, such as the high voltages required to trigger electroactive polymers ( > 1KV), low strain ( < 10%) of shape memory alloys and the need for external compressors and pressure-regulating components for hydraulic or pneumatic fluidicelastomer actuators, limit their practicality for untethered applications. (Jourdan, 1991).Inspired by natural muscle, a key challenge in soft robotics is to develop self-contained electrically driven soft actuators with high strain density. ![]() It now stands at the east end of Chester on Carolina Avenue at the intersection of Route 30. It was later moved and suffered years of neglect before it was rescued and restored it to its former glory by volunteers. Converted to a teapot with the addition of a spout, handle, and lid, the building served as a concession and souvenir stand for William Devon’s pottery outlet on Carolina Avenue. (Whitmyer, 1997, Barnebey, 2005).Ĭhester, West Virginia lays claim to the “World's Largest Teapot!” The 14-foot-tall structure was built in 1938 as an advertising barrel for a Hires root beer stand in Oakdale, Pennsylvania. This example is black with the gold decoration. However, the Ceylonator has an infuser and an Albany lid will not fit a Ceylonator. The Hall Albany teapot has a look-a-like! The Albany and Ceylonator (intoduced in the 1930s) shapes are very similar and can be mistaken for each other. Schreckengost's work has been displayed in the Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, the Schein-Joseph International Museum of Ceramic Art, and the Smithsonian Institution. Tile designs by Schreckengost were produced at Summitville Tile (Ohio). ![]() In 1960, Schreckengost returned to Hall China, where he produced notable pieces such as the duck casserole dishes, owl cookie jars, Sherlock Holmes and Ronald Reagan teapots, and commemorative whiskey decanters. Along with his brother Viktor Schreckengost, he was awarded the prestigious Charles Fergus Binns Medal for Lifetime Achievement in Ceramic Art. He was also employed as a full professor and Design Department Chair of the New York State College of Ceramics. From the 1940s through the late 1950s, he worked as Director of Design at Homer Laughlin. From the 1930s through the 1940s, Schreckengost designed dinnerware for Hall China. Schreckengost designed pieces for the Salem China Company, the Homer Laughlin China Company and the Hall China Company. He was born in Sebring, Ohio to a family of artists. Noted ceramic designer Donald Schreckengost designed this beautiful pear shaped teapot for Hall China. COLLECTION: Museum of Ceramics/Ohio History Connection ![]()
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